2025-Distribution of cadre strength among local cadres Freezing of posts and cadre movements etc., Date of effect of ban on certain administrative activities

2025-Distribution of cadre strength among local cadres Freezing of posts and cadre movements etc., Date of effect of ban on certain administrative activities

FINANCE DEPART...GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH FINANCE (HR.I-PLG & POLICY) DEPARTMENT

Memo No. 3301035-FIN01-HROPDPP(RRD)/17/2026-HR-I dated 06-07-2026

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Sub: Public Service A.P. Public Employment (Organisation of Local Cadres and Regulation of Direct Recruitment) Order, 2025-Distribution of cadre strength among local cadres Freezing of posts and cadre movements etc., Date of effect of ban on certain administrative activities - Orders - Issued.

Ref: 1. G.O.Ms.No.46, Finance (HR.I-Planning & Policy) Department, dated 06.07.2026.

2. Circular Memo No.3301158/GAD/SPFMC/2026, dated 25.06.2026 of Special Chief Secretary to Government, General Administration (SPF&MC) Department.

3. Representation dated 06.07.2026 of the President/General Secretary, A.P. Non-Gazetted, Gazetted Officers' Association, Vijayawada.

In the Government Order first read above, orders were issued for determination and distribution of cadre strength among the local cadres of District, Zone and Multi-Zone as per the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Organisation of Local Cadres and Regulation of Direct Recruitment) Order, 2025. Para 20 in the GOMS 46 dated 6.7.2026 imposes a ban on creation and upgradation of posts, fresh recruitment, appointments, promotions, transfers and deputations in all Departments, until the process of allotment of personnel to the respective local cadres is completed in the respective Departments so as to ensure smooth implementation of Paragraph 4 of the Presidential Order, 2025. It is further indicated therein that the date of effect of the said ban would be issued through separate instructions.

2. In the reference 2nd read above, the General Administration (SPF&MC) Department extended the date for completion of the activities relating to freezing of posts and cadre movements etc., up to 05.07.2026.

3. Certain departments have also requested the Government to extend the time for few more days for completion of activites of PO-2025. Further, in the reference. 3rd read above, the A.P. Non-Gazetted, Gazetted Officers' Association has represented that the said activities have not been completed in some Departments and requested that the date of 05.07.2026 be extended for some more days.

4 Government have examined the issue and having regard to the fact that the process of allocation of posts to the respective local cadres is yet to be completed in certain Departments, consider it necessary to extend the said date and to notify the date of effect of the ban referred to the G.O. first read above.

5. Government, after careful consideration, hereby order that the ban on creation and upgradation of posts, fresh recruitment, appointments, promotions, transfers and deputations in all Departments, ordered under Para 20 of the G.O. first read above, shall come into effect from 13-07-2026 and shall continue to remain in force until the process of PO-2025 to the respective local cadres is completed in the respective Departments.

6 Therefore, all Special Chief Secretaries to Government/Principal Secretaries to Government/Secretaries to Government/Ex-Officio Secretaries to Government of Secretariat Departments, all Heads of Departments, all District Collectors, Regional and District Heads and other Competent Authorities shall take necessary action accordingly and ensure strict compliance with these orders.

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AP TET DSC General English  Quiz 21

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10th Class PS 2nd Lesson Acid Bases and Salts Textbook Questions and Answers

10th Class PS 2nd Lesson Acid Bases and Salts Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.

A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be

a) 1

b) 4

c) 5

d) 10

Answer: d) 10

Question 2.

A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water milky. The solution contains

a) NaCl

b) HCl

c) LiCl

d) KCl

Answer: b) HCl

Question 3.

10 ml of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 ml of a given solution of HCl. If we take 20 ml of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution (the same solution as before) required to neutralise it will be

a) 4 ml

b) 8 ml

c) 12 ml

d) 16 ml

Answer: d) 16 ml10 ml of NaOH will neutralise = 8 ml of HCl

10 ml of NaOH will neutralise = 8/10 × 20 = 16 ml of HCl.

Question 4.

Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion ?a) Antibiotic

b) Analgesic

c) Antacid

d) Antiseptic

Answer :: c) Antacid

Question 5.

Write word equation and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when –

a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.

b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.

c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.

d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron fillings.

Answer:

 

Question 6 

Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an Activity to prove it. (Activity 2.8) (TP No. 48)

Answer:

Aim : To prove that alcohols and glucose do not conduct electricity in their solution form.Procedure :

Fix two iron nails on a cork and place this cork in a beaker.

Connect the nails to the two terminals of a 6 volt battery through a switch and bulb a as shown in Figure.

Now add some dilute hydrochloricacid in the beaker and switch on the current. Take the observation. Acid solution in water conducts electricity

Repeat the experiment separately with alcohol and glucose solution.

Observation : You will observe that in case of dilute hydrochloric acid bulb glows but when glucose or alcohol solution is taken in beaker, the bulb does not glow.

Conclusion:

Alcohol and glucose do not conduct electricity suggesting that they do not form ions.

Dilute hydrochloric acid solution conducts electricity suggesting that it forms ion and the electric current is carried through the solution by ions.

Question 7.

Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does ?

Answer: Distilled water does not contain any ionic compounds like acids, bases or salts. Therefore, it does not dissociate into ions as it is a.weak electrolyte. Salts are present in rain water which help in dissociation of rain water into ions which help in conduction of electricity.

Question 8.

Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water ?

Answer:It is because adds do not dissociate into ions in absence of water. But when an acid is dissolved in water, it forms hydrogen ions and hence, show acidic behaviour,

 

Question 9.

Five solutions A,B,C,D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11,7 and 9, Which solution is

a) neutral ?

b) strongly alkaline ?

c) strongly acidic ?

d) weakly acidic ?

e) weakly alkaline ?

Arrange the pH increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Answer:

a) ‘D’ with pH = 7 is neutral

b) ‘C’ with pH = 1 1 is strongly alkaline

c) ‘B’ with pH = 1 is strongly acidic

d) ‘A’ with pH = 4 is weakly acidic

e) ‘E’ with pH = 9 is weakly alkaline

C, E, D, A, B is increasing order of H+ ion concentration.

Question 10.

Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. Amount and concentration taken for both the acids are same. In which test tube v will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Answer:

Fizzing occurs more vigorously in hydrochloric acid (A) than in acetic acid (B) because HCl is stronger acid than acetic acid. HCf dissociates into H+ and Cl– ions completely whereas acetic acid partially dissociates into its ions.

Question 11.

Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd?

 Explain your answer.

Answer:

pH will decrease form 6

Reason : Curd is more acidic than milk. When milk changes into curd, lactose (organic sugar) present in milk gets converted into lactic acid due to the fermentation process.

Question 12.

A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.

a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline ?

b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd ?

Answer:

a) It is done to increase the shelf life of milk.

b) The alkaline milk takes a longer time to set into curd because lactic acid being formed has to neutralise the alkali present in it.

Question 13.

Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why ?

Answer:

Plaster of Paris changes into a hard solid mass on mixing with water. This solid mass is of gypsum

Due to this reason, Plaster of Paris is always stored in a moisture – proof container.

Question 14.

What is a neutralisation reaction ? Give two examples.

Answer:

The reaction in which a base reacts with an acid is called neutralisation reaction.Examples : NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

HCl(aq) + NHOH(aq) → NH4Cl(aq) + H2O (l)

Question 15.

Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Answer:

Uses of washing soda:

It is used in glass, soap and paper industries.

It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds.

It is used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.

It is used for removing permanent hardness of water.

Uses of Baking soda:

It is used in soda – acid fire extinguishers.

It is used as an ingredient in antacids, as it neutralises excess acid in the stomach

10th Class PS 2nd Lesson Acid Bases and Salts Textbook Questions and Answers

10th Class PS 2nd Lesson Acid Bases and Salts Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.

You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube ?

Answer:

Divide the red litmus paper in three parts and dip each part in three test tubes. The test tube in which red litmus paper turns blue contains basic solution. The blue litmus paper so obtained is dipped into the remaining two solutions. The one which turns blue litmus paper red again is an acidic solution. The third tube in which there is no change of colour contains water. 

Question 2.

Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels ?

Answer:

Curd and sour substances are acidic and acids react with brass and copper and so are not kept in brass and copper vessels.

Question 3.

Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas ?

Answer:

H2 gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal.

Illustration : Set up an apparatus as shown in figure. Take some zinc granules in the test tube. Add some 5 ml dilute hydrochloric acid slowly. Soon the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid starts and hydrogen gas is evolved.
Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Test for H2 gas : H2 gas is not soluble in water. When passed through soap solution, it gets trapped into bubbles which burn with explosion.

Question 4.

Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.

Answer:

Since the end product is calcium chloride and the gas formed extinguishes a burning candle, it is CO2, the metal compound A must be calcium carbonate. Hence, the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is as follows.
 
Question 5.

Why do HCl, HNO3, etc., show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character ?

Answer:

H+ ions in aqueous solution are responsible for acidic character. HCl, HNO3 etc. generate H+ ions in water while alcohol and glucose do not do so, and hence do not show acidic character.

Question 6.

Why does an aqueous solution of an acid cortduct electricity ?

Answer:

Acids give ions in aqueous solution and in solution current is carried through ions. Thus aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity.

Question 7.

Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper ?

Answer:

Dry HCl gas does not generate H* ions and hence does not change the colour of dry litmus paper.

Question 8.

While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid ?

Answer:

When an acid is mixed with water, there is evolution of a large amount of heat. Therefore, acid is slowly added to water. If on the other hand, water is added to acid, it might spill on your body and cloths due to explosion and evolution of sudden and large amount of heat. 

Question 9.

How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted ?

Answer:

Concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) decreases when a solution of an acid is diluted.

Question 10.

How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide ?

Answer:

Concentration of hydroxide ions (OH+) increases. When excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide.


Question 11.

You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration ? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic ?

Answer:

Solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration. Solution A is slightly acidic and solution B is slightly basic.

Question 12.

What effect does the concentration of H+ (aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?

Answer:

More the concentration of H+ ion, higher the acidic nature of the solution higher the acidic nature of the solution. 

Question 13.

Do basic solutions also have H+ (aq) ions ? If yes, then why are these basic ?

Answer:

Yes, basic solutions also have H+ ions. However, their concentration is less as compared to the OH– ions that makes the solution basic.

Question 14.

Under what sdil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or chalk (calcium carbonate) ?

Answer:

Plants work well in the pH range 6 – 8. So, when the soil becomes acidic farmers treat the soil fields with bases like quick lime or slaked lime or chalk.

Question 15.

What is the common name of the compound CaOCl2 ?

Answer:

Bleaching powder.

Question 16.

Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.

Answer:

Dry slaked lime (Ca(OH)2). 

Question 17.

Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.

Answer:

Washing soda, i.e., sodium carbonate (Na2CO3.10H2O)

Question 18.

What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated ? Give the equation of the reaction involved.

Answer:

Sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and CO gas is evolved.
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

Question 19.

Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.

Answer:

 

Work Adjustment Surplus Teachers List 2026-27

Work Adjustment Surplus Teachers List 2026-27 

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